OWL’S NEST - ISOLATION SUPPLY LIST
BASIC SUPPLIES Cash in small bills, candles, tea lights, emergency, and votives, batteries, rechargeable batteries, inverters, back up power source, battery operated radio & TV, flashlights, compact fluorescent bulbs, light bulbs, solar lights, propane tanks & adapter, kerosene oil, kerosene lamp, shovel, 2×4 wood planks (windows), plywood (windows), rope, cord, camp cook stove with propane tanks, 5 gal. Gasoline, GASOLINE STABILIZER, garbage bags,Plastic trash bags- you can never have enough and they never go bad, all sizes from snack to gallon zip loc bags, latex gloves, sheets, blankets, pillows, cell phone batteries, wind up cell phone charger, walkie talkies, water purification system, plastic sheets, duck tape, zipper door from Home Depot, household tools, nails, contamination sign, shovel, plastic tarps, pots & pans, metal barrel, pocket knives, potable water (in bathtubs, old milk jugs and plastic containers), firewood, outdoor fire pit, solar oven, charcoal, charcoal lighter fluid, TONS of matches, lighters, buckets (to wash clothes, dishes), broom, water hose, hose adapter for sink, plastic garbage containers, ice chests, spray bottles, Heat, water, waste disposal, decontamination area, isolation room for anyone who gets sick, cooking systems, cleaning systems for laundry & dishes, light, communication, maps, crank cell phone charger, (TV/radio with battery backup), protection from intruders, wasp spray-sprays 20 ft., outside protection (wild fires & birds), pet waste, fire protection inside, battery operated smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, power systems (generator, solar, battery etc.), transportation (car, motorcycle, bicycle), whistles, emergency flares, fishing poles & equipment, needle & thread bike, bike, tire pump, non hybrid herb and vegetable seeds, seed starter kit. solar outdoor lights, flints, regular & heavy duty extension cords, lanterns, oil, extra wicks, clothes pins, detergent, steel wool, fire starters, pail with mop press for washing, metal trash can (if you needed to burn paper or other items)
PAPER PRODUCTS Toilet paper, paper towels, baby wipes, paper cups, small and large, paper plates, paper napkins, plastic ware, feminine products, cotton balls, q-tips, Kleenex antiviral, goggles, hair covers, N95 masks, lots of tin foil, plastic wrap, paper bags, Paper leaf bags, wax paper, plastic containers, plastic zip lock bags (all sizes), old newspapers paper cups,
CLEANING PRODUCTS Bleach, ammonia, rubbing alcohol, alcohol gel, liquid dish detergent, Clorox wipes, Lysol spray, antibacterial spray, toilet cleaner, liquid hand soap, laundry detergent, glass cleaner, orange cleaner, mops, buckets and low wide containers to clean shoes etc., plastic trash barrels, nail brushes, sponges, spray bottles for mixing cleaning products, towels, rags, scrub brushes,
LAUNDRY SUPPLIES detergent, clothesline, clothespins, buckets, gloves, pail with mop press for washing, large plastic buckets,
OTC MEDICINES & SUPPLIES Sambucol, Zicam, Ossillococcinum flu remedy, Soothe eye drops, allergy meds, nasal spray, children’s (rapid release) & adult ibuprofen and acetaminophen, at least 100 tablets per family member, aspirin, powdered Ester C, Emergen C, Benedryl, pedialyte, milk of mag, pepto bismol, sinus decongestant, cough suppressant and decongestant, nyquil, thermometer, blood pressure cuff, stethoscope, Vaseline, triple antibiotic cream, anti itch cream, tums, splints, bandaids, gauze, medical tape, betadine, rubbing alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, latex gloves, alcohol wipes, butterfly tape, Q-tips, prescription meds, claritin, Epsom salts, dental kit, vitamins, Epsom salts, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, gentian violet for thrush, eye dropper,
SICK ROOM SUPPLIES Hand Basin, Soap, sponges, towels, shallow bucket with large container of water, disinfectants - methylated spirits or standard 5% bleach diluted 1 to 5, spray bottles, Foot operated trash bin w/liner, smaller plastic bags, drinking water and glass, tissues, Thermometer - Face masks for patient, fan and tape, heater, Bed pan, Urinal, Toilet paper - wipes, paper towels, large diapers, Plastic sheet for bed and to isolate patient bed from rest of room, notebook, pens, foot controlled trash can, large container with disinfectant for sheets, linens and reusable protective gear, plastic sheet for doorway with zipper, bucket with lid, portable toilet, enema kit, CPAP machine,
OUTSIDE SICK ROOM gowns, disposable gloves, head covers, aprons, shoe covers, masks, foot operated trash barrel for disposal, plastic trash barrel with lid for disinfecting, wipes, trash bags, spray disinfectant
PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS toothpaste, toothbrushes extra and electric, toothbrush heads, waterless shampoo, combs & brushes, conditioner, baby shampoo, liquid antibacterial soap, deodorant, dental floss, mouthwash, body spray, lotion, shave soap, disposable razors, cotton balls, cotton wipes, baby wipes, personal products, birth control, soaps, bath salts, bath oils, nail brushes, pumice stones, solar shower, razors, tweezers,
TRADING SUPPLIES tin foil, coffee, personal care products, alcohol, cigarettes, food, clothing,
CAR SUPPLIES fuses, wiper fluid, brake fluid, oil, emergency kit, flares, candles, matches, water, emergency blanket, maps, inverter,
DIVERSIONS chocolate, comfort foods, hobby items, paper, pens/pencils, painting supplies, watercolor supplies, clay, crayons, markers, puzzles, crossword puzzles, word search books, board games, books, bible, music, cds, dvds, portable players, portable battery speakers, instruments and supplies, strings, picks, rosin, pencil sharpener, stapler, tape, glue, scrapbook items, knitting, bead work, needlework, sewing supplies, paint, paintbrush etc. printer paper and ink cartridges, stamps,
COOKING EQUIPMENT Rice cooker, cast iron Dutch oven, cast iron pans,bread maker, pressure cooker, seed sprouter, wok, bread pans, casserole dishes ins several sizes, 2 can openers, pizza pan, grill tools, bread maker, fondue pot w/ candle or sterno base & lid, sterno, chafing dish, small metal grate, such as one from a small bbq grill, charcoal, lighter fluid, large coffee cans w/holes placed on sides, both top & bottom, disposable heating pans and bases- used for weddings, a large wide-mouth thermos, a pump pot (insulated) for coffee or hot water, propane stove (properly ventilated), backpacking stove (small but effective), 2 hand held can openers, corkscrew, spoons, ladles & spatulas, whisk, egg beater, small bbq grill or smoker, small propane gas grill, aluminum pie plates, propane lighters made for bbq or fireplaces
FOOD Dried fruit and veggies, saltine crackers, bagged cookies, nutrition bars, snack crackers, peanut butter, beef jerky, gatorade, nutrition shakes, potato chips, breakfast bars, rice crispy treats, pet food & treats, bottled water (1 gal./day/person) Baking mixes - cookie, bread, muffin, pancake, pie, especially ones that do not need eggs Baking powder Baking soda Barley Bay leaves (insects avoid foods like flour with a bay leaf stored inside the bag) Beans-dry beans (pinto, kidney, black) all types Bottled drinks and juices Bullion, concentrated broth Butter Flakes & flavoring, like Molly McButter. Powdered Buttermilk Candy – hard, chewing gum, chocolate, gummies, mints, chocolate bars, CANNED FOODS: beans, broth, chicken, chili, tomatoes, sauces, fried onions, fruit, canned milk, pie filling, pumpkin, salmon, soups, stew, sweet potatoes, tuna, vegetables, meats mushrooms, (chicken, turkey, beef, spam, ham), Cans of lemonade mix, other canned dry drink mixes Cheese dips in jars Cheese in Wax Cheese soups, like cheddar, broccoli cheese, and jack cheese Chinese food ingredients Chocolate chips, peanut butter chips, mint chocolate chips, butterscotch chips Chocolate syrup, strawberry syrup squeeze bottles (about that dry milk, again) Coffee filters (also for straining silt out of water) Corn Masa de Harina or corn tortilla mix Corn meal Corn starch for thickening Cream of Wheat Cream soups (good for flavoring rice & pasta, too) Crisco, plain & butter flavored Dried eggs Dried fruit Dried mushrooms Dried onion (big containers at warehouse stores) Dried soups Dry cocoa Dry coffee creamer (big sealed cans, many uses including making dry milk taste better) Dry Mustard Flour, self rising flour Flour tortilla mix for flour tortillas, wraps, and flatbread Flours - rice, etc. Wheat can be hard on children’s stomachs - Gluten Free Pantry has rice fours and mixes that are great - Whole Foods carries them FLUFF Garlic powder Granola bars (not great shelf life) Hard candy Herbs & Spices Honey Hot chocolate mix Instant coffee if you drink it, or coffee and a manual drip cone or similar Instant mashed potatoes Jarred or canned spaghetti sauce Jarred peppers Jellies and Jams Jerky Ketchup Kool Aid, Lard, Manteca (good in beans, substitute for bacon or salt pork, tortilla making, many other uses) Large packages dry pasta, thinner type saves fuel Milk – powered, canned, storable, Marshmallows Mayo in small jars Mayo packets from warehouse store, if you must, not really a good value. Mexican food ingredients Mustard Nestle Table Cream (substitute for sour cream, cream, or half-and-half) Nuts (freeze if you have room) Oatmeal OILS (all kinds - short shelf life so rotate VERY IMPORTANT- you cannot cook without it Olive, Cannola, Sunflower, Safflower, Sesame, Olives, green and black Onions & Onion powder Pasta (small cook faster) Pasta Sauces canned, dried, Packaged bread crumbs Pancake mix, one step, and other mixes that already have the eggs in them Parmesan Peanut butter, nut butters Pepper Pet food Potatoes - you can grow others from eyes Pickles, relish (not refrigerator case type) Popcorn - loose as well as bags Power bars Raisins Ramen Ravioli or canned pastas Real butter or favorite margarine-keep frozen if you can. Butter keeps a long time in cool temps) Recharge or electrolyte drinks Rice Salsa and hot sauces Salt Sourdough starter Spam Spices and herbs your family likes Stovetop Dressing mix Sugar -brown and white, powdered Sweetened condensed milk Tea - ginger and herbal Tortillas Trail mix Ultra pasteurized milk (expensive) Vanilla (improves dry milk, too) Velveeta (watch carton date, freeze for storage if possible) Vienna sausage Vinegar Yeast, Baby food Pet food
<sigh> I guess I’ve still got a LOT of shopping to do!!!
The dried mustard flour and the herbal tortillas sound really good. ;-) Just kidding. That is an impressive list. Congrats.
What do you mean by zipper door from Home Depot?
The list wrapped, so I am in shock.. quite the menu… sorry
I’ve got a really funny feeling that the good folks at Costco are gonna look at me sorta cockeyed when I roll up to the register with 5 flatbed carts full of stuff!! :-)
BroncoBill - I would love to do that. I kinda have to stealth prep a litte bit though. Prepping isn’t a problem but 5 flatbeds would be!
Owl - I was just teasing about the list. I can’t do a list on a wikie either.
Thordawggy--- I would too! My budget, even at Costco, would never allow me to fill up that many flatbeds! But if I could, I most definitely would! I’d have to chain ‘em all together and just pull like crazy to get them around the store as they filled up! I bet every kid in the store would be thinking “Free Train Rides!”
wow! thanks for posting this list!
Thanks Owl. These kind of comprehensive lists help soooo much. :) There is always something new that I hadn’t even thought of yet.
Owl, you listed some additional things that I have to get. Sigh.
I would specifically add tomato paste in small cans. The concentrated taste of tomatoes can be added to any dish. And it is the best way to keep your body “swimming” with Lycopene, much better than getting Lycopene in the pill form
Funny, I was looking at small cans of plum tomatoes this morning and thinking the same thing. I am only buying sale items, because there is time to slowly accumulate what I would use. Thank you Owl.I think I’ll print up many copies, and whip one out of my purse, when I get someone really interested. I’m very low key about this, but every now and then someone really gets it.
Zipper Doors are sold mostly to contractors to allow a solid sheet of plastic to be used as a wall or room divider and then you cut a verticle slit and use this simple self sticking zipper kit to create a sealable zippered door into the other room partition. Great for isolating dust from construction within an inhabited house. ( or sick room)
Anybody any suggestions or experiences with a battery powered TV? Wind up cell phone charger? Where do I go for a solar powered battery charger?
Thanks Owl, like said by Lily- every list helps as I check out looking for what I’ve forgotten or might be more important than I’m thinking. Zipper door- hmmmmm
Regarding cough syrup — you might want to consider stocking a cough syrup that has an “expectorant” but *not* a “cough suppressant”. In the case of pneumonia, an expectorant is supposed to help keep things loose in the chest so it can be coughed up. A cough suppressant would be counter-productive in this case.
Medical Maven, be sure to rotate any canned tomato products on a regular basis. They do NOT last as most other canned goods.
Hello,
First time poster here. As an introduction, I started prepping about 3 weeks ago and to my great relief found this site a few days back and have practically lived here. (the relief is from not feeling so alone in my prepping and knowing that there are people out there who feel as I do)
This might be an “old and already discussed idea” but if not it is worth getting out there for conversation and prepping. Also, I apologize if this is the wrong thread to post in but I was not sure where to bring it up. When the virus reaches us in the bird population (I am talking JUST birds) there could be ramifications from that alone. I have bought a case of the egg powder and am planning to stock a TON of canned chicken because it is possible that these items will be expensive or non-existent for a while. Normal, everyday cooking and baking would be very hard without eggs. We are told that our chicken supply should be safe, but you never know what will happen in a situation like this.
Is this a concern others are thinking about?
Owl – really a great list but may I suggest just a couple of additional items? Fire / smoke / CO2 detectors-alarms with extra batteries (9 volt). Fire extinguishers – put one any place you may have open flames
Great list! Thanks for all these helpful tipsI have a question:do we need CO2 alarms on every floor of the house?
Owl, Can you explain what the zipper door from Home Depot is?
If quarantine lasts long enough, you might want to consider the next size up for your growing children. I know my kids seem to go through a new pair every 3–4 months. It would make it really hard for them if they outgrew thier shoes while in quarantine.
Thom - thank you - I think they are up in general supplies, but reminding everyone of these is really important. Post any additional suggestions - it keeps us all aware of things we have not thought of…
Hi Poppy - it is a long zipper that you place on a sheet of plastic that you tape up in a doorway and then slit down the middle for the zipper to create a doorway. It isolates a room from the rest of the hosue. I plan to put one outside a sick room doorway to create an additional space to create an area to change in and out of gowns, gloves etc.
I think FarmerBrown13 did a better job explaining them at 21:26.
Major—I laughed as I read your note about kid’s clothing. My wife and I recently had a very, um, “vigorous” discussion about doing just that. The trouble arose when she found out I’d online ordered a few sets of next size clothing for our two young boys. It was at that point, I think, she realized how far ‘round the bend I was! :-)
She and I have very different definitions of what it means to “prepare.”
I guess its nothing a lot of duct tape can’t handle. Maybe different colors would be better, so our kids aren’t all walking around reflecting the sun with thier silver clothing.
I have created a pdf of Owl’s list. How do I attach it to a post?
Thanks for the explanation Owl. I thought that’s what it was. I seem to recall seeing one the other day.
as to solar…… tried, and was pleased with both the service and quality,
sundancesolar.com
not an employee or stockholder.
Owl and others,
As a note of caution: Do not use old milk jugs for potable water or even non-potable water. These are designed to biodegrade very easily and they will become leaky in short order creating a mess and leaving you with little or no water reserves. In addition to the leak factor, they cannot be adequately sanitized to make the water potable. Milk leaves a casein coating that is difficult to detect and requires a special acid-type cleanser to remove. For storing water in smaller containers, use ‘used’ pop bottles. The bottles are very sturdy, will last filled for years and years without degrading, they can be stacked if layed on their sides and are much more easily cleaned out of their sugary contents. Sugar doesn’t cause water to go bad like milk deposits will.
I have put this list into a bulleted easy to read format, but don’t know how to post it here, or if I even should. Can one of the moderators put it on a prep page if it is in word format or could I send it to you in RTF?
EB & Nemo - thank you for the new formats of the list - can you all pick up the fire extinguisher, tomato paste etc., and add them in?
Also, I wonder should we try to get all other additions listed here on this thread before you format it again? just a thought. Add whatever else needs to be in there before we re-enter it - that way we include as much as the fluwiki can come up with.
ricewiki et al - what do you all think?
Hope 07:25 In what part of the world do you live? In the US the commerical poultry industry has been dealing with disease & other bio issues for many years and are really as well prepared to handle the BF as I think any could be. Most would not believe the bio-security measures already well practiced. Possibly the greatest danger will be an irrational fear of the uninformed public causing sales of poultry products to plumet which though bad for the industry, would be good for the consumer. All that said, I am one who likes to hedge my bets, I have a case of the dried whole egg product as part of my stores.
EOD 17:54 I am in the southern part of the US. Maybe the poultry industry will lower prices to tempt people into purchasing the product, the point is I have no idea how it will unfold. I DO know my personality, when I went to Europe I tried to avoid beef and cheese products due to mad cow disease, my friends got a laugh out of it, I had piece of mind and that was more important to me than eating beef. When this hits the USA I know myself well enough to realize “I” will be afraid to handle raw chicken, I will also agree that I am probably over reacting, but again, piece of mind holds a lot of value to me. I have a hard time putting decisions about my life in the hands of others, esp government or the food/poultry industry when I know their concerns are money at the end of the day. Call me paranoid but time and again the almighty dollar has trumped the welfare of the individual. Gosh, their is just much to think about, mind boggling sometimes. I wonder if one particular Chicken place will change their slogan, “Eat More Beef” might not be a good thing to be saying right now! :-)
BF is already hitting the US Poultry industry.
Poultry in long term cold storage is up 23 percent just this MONTH due to a loss in export demand.
Thanks for the list.
This board is annoying when it loses the message formatting for lists.
Sounds good, Owl — did you see I put a link up to this thread already on the index? We can add another “final” link once we get a real “final” prep list made.
How and where exactly are we compiling this ultimate master prep list?
I have a couple things to add:
-hair ties/elastics -tweezers -nail files, nail clippers
just some non-survival things that can really make life a lot more bearable if you have long hair and are used to wearing it up; if you can’t stand walking around catching your nails on things; etc.:) I know for me these would make a big difference, even if not about survival ultimately.
ricewiki -thanks for the additions. I think we wait and see if others keep adding to the list.
Not sure where the ultimate master prep list should live - you all decide.
Didn’t hear back re the pdf format by EB and or Nemo, so that may be a decding factor.
Have the flu so I am in a pretty lethargic state…
And I am trying to figure out how to work int he index but am worried I will mix things up… have to figure that one out when I have a little more energy.
Additions for the UMPL - silicone sealant, dryer vent hose for exhuast of all types, gentian violet for thrust from antibiotics, honing oil - I have to look through my prep room for what else I have squirreled away in there….
you can:
Oremus - Thank you for the spatial explanation and, small miracle - I get it.. lol
Now I need the pick it up and past it lesson re helping the index, but this may be way over my head….
If you don’t have them already, don’t forget nail clippers for your dogs/cats, and flea/tick medicine. We have 3 cats, and have to get flea medicine for all of them even though only one is a part-time outdoor cat. Even if, during a pandemic, your pets never go outside, fleas can live in your carpets for up to a month…not a pretty sight! Pets can pick them up inside, host them, and start a nasty cycle if you don’t take care of them as soon as you quarantine.
Can you replace your own watch battery? How about manual wind, self winding, or solar powered (i.e. Citizen Eco-drive)
If you plan on gardening to increase your food supply, do you have fertilizer, insecticides (I don’t like using them , but if lots of birds die then insects could become a real problem), and all the seeds & tools you’ll need? If gasoline is in short supply, you probably can’t run a rototiller. Something I tried on my garden last year which worked extremely well was laying down pieces of landscape fabric between rows, weighting down the fabric with strategically-placed rocks so it wouldn’t blow away, then covering the fabric with straw. Kept the veggie garden virtually weed-free and conserved water. If gardening in containers, do you have plenty of potting soil? Also, do you own at least one wind-up type alarm clock? During extended pandemic you can use it as a timer, and it’s very handy to have one just in general, in case power goes out during a storm and you don’t want to wake up late for work the next day:( Does everyone own at least one pair of sturdy work-type boots? Useful to have in case of a natural disaster where you may be having to walk through debris and broken glass. Does everyone here have copies of all of their family photos digitized and copied onto CD’s or other backup, and squirreled away copies in several safe places? The one thing that people most regret losing in a disaster is those irreplaceable family photos. Do you have extra batteries for CO2 and smoke detectors? Plenty of paper on hand? If not, you can buy a ream of cheap computer paper for about $20. Pens, pencils? Sunglasses, sunscreen, insect repellant? Extra fuses (if you have a fusebox)?
For all of you looking for specific items, such as: wind up cell phone chargers, solar panels, generators, hardware goods, general survival equipment, water storage ideas - use your computer to benefit you and your family by using www.google.com or other available search engines. You can literally find ANYTHING you need - get opinions, compare prices and learn about what you’re looking for. A few posts up someone wanted to know where they could find a wind up cell phone charger….type those words into google and you’ll find what you are looking for in about two seconds. I promise!
I know this isn’t for everyone and that many of you know how to search the Internet - this is for the newbies that are willing to learn and currently have no idea what they’re doing.
remember, back up generators is easy with dc to ac inverters at invertersrus.com your car is the perfect back up generator and is quiet too. be careful with electricity.
Kim – at 16:58 --- you can buy a ream of cheap computer paper for about $20
WOW Kim! Excellent additions, but where do you buy your computer paper? Is it single sheet, 20# bond? If so, look for other sources…I’m paying about 5$ per ream at Office Max and Staples…
BTW---a ream is only 500 sheets, a case is 10 reams, or 5000 sheets of paper.
BroncoBill, thanks for correcting me… you’re right, don’t know what I was thinking of. I buy paper by the CASE for about $20 (cheap stuff, wait til it’s on sale). Loooong day! Maybe I need a nap :-)
BTW, regarding my post at 16:58, if you use the landscape fabric and straw in your garden, you’ll be able to get many years worth of use out of both. At the end of the season just rake up the straw into a pile, stack your rocks, and roll up the landscape fabric and tuck it indoors somewhere (takes up very little space, but be sure to label it in some way so your loving spouse doesn’t throw it out). You may have to supplement the straw with each passing year, but other than that it should last a good long while. And when you buy landscape fabric, go to a landscape nursery and get the good stuff; it’s sometimes cheaper than the K-Mart/Walmart stuff, is heavier and easier to work with, and will likely last alot longer. Any of it is easily cut with scissors to whatever width/length you need.
Owl, Great list. I like your inclusion of alcohol and cigarettes for barter items. My parents both lived through WWII in Europe and it’s amazing what you can get with cigarettes and alcohol. People will trade food and fuel to feed their addictions. Better yet if you don’t use them yourself. Chocolate also works well, as would common ammunition like .22 caliber and 12 guage. Wouldn’t hurt anyone to stock up on a small supply of all these items.
The plastic zipper doors you mentioned are also a great idea. I recently used one while sanding plaster in a bedroom. The kind I used was called Stik ‘n Zip, made by Strom Closures. You duct tape visqueen (heavy plastic, which should be on your supply list anyway) around a doorway, clean the plastic with an alcohol pad, then stick on the zipper. Once the zipper is on you use a razor or utility knife to cut a slit where the zipper opens. Contractors use them to seal off dust and dirt during remodeling. Provides a pretty efficient way to seal off a sick room or entry/exit door. I think I bought it at Home Depot. Here’s a link to their web site: http://www.stromclosures.com/index.htm. There may be other manufacturers out there.
Regnes- thank you for the link to the zipper door. My contractors use them and they are great. Thought they can be used to section off a sick room or a part of the house for decontamination as well. Or the laundry area… I bought several.
Bronco Bill:
Yes, the checker at the dollar store asked me: “Do you have a lot of cleaning to do…or something?” LOL
AVanarts, you’re so right about canned tomatoes. I’ve had them actually ooze out of the cans…all over the shelf.
Regarding the “final list,” how about clove oil for toothache.
Bird Guano:
We’ve missed you at that “other” place. Chicken prices here seem to be staying pretty low — 39 cents/# for legs/thighs, about $2/# for boneless, skinless breasts. I’ve been canning it all. Is anyone staying away from chicken yet?
My husband and myself gave up eggs and Chicken about 6 weeks ago. Where do you find the boxs of powdered egg?
bump
Hi judy777s: The most popular place for ordering powered eggs seems to be Honeyville.com. I think eggs sell for $9.99 and shipping is only $4.49, no matter how much you order.
Closed due to length. Conversation is continued here.