Continued from here.
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Here is a 1997 paper that shows older viruses can escape even from “Animal Biosafety Level 3 containment practices”. I would think that the genetic material in these escapees had not changed much. This is just the abstract. If someone had rights to look at the whole paper on PubMed it might reveal a bit more information.
Transmission of swine influenza virus to humans after exposure to experimentally infected pigs.
Wentworth DE, McGregor MW, Macklin MD, Neumann V, Hinshaw VS
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Two people developed symptoms of influenza 36 h after collecting nasal swabs from pigs experimentally infected with A/Sw/IN/1726/88 (Sw/IN). Pharyngeal swabs from these persons tested positive for influenza virus RNA 8 days after infection. Analysis of hemi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products indicated that the hemagglutinin (HA) segments of the isolates were genetically related to the HA of Sw/IN. Four influenza A virus isolates (A/WI/4754/94, A/WI/4756/94, A/WI/4758/94, A/WI/4760/94) were recovered from a 39-year-old man and 2 (A/WI/4755/94, A/WI/4757/94) from a 31-year-old woman. The HAs of the isolates were antigenically indistinguishable from the virus used to infect the pigs. Sequence analysis of the HA genes indicated they were 99.7% identical to the HA of the virus used in the experiment. Multisegment reverse transcription-PCR proved that all of the segments originated from Sw/IN, demonstrating that transmission of swine H1N1 viruses to humans occurs directly and readily, despite Animal Biosafety Level 3 containment practices used for these experiments.
thanks Okieman. I’d be interested, who the authors are. Are it those who did the pig-experiments or were they trying to cover it up ?
please read this and answer:
http://www.fluwikie2.com/pmwiki.php?n=Forum.HowManyVirusesInOneCell
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similar genes in flu-viruses (H1 and H5) with dates at least 2 years apart
#virus1
#virus2
year virus1
year virus2
nucleotides available in aligned areas
# of pairs which coincide of those
name virus1
name virus2
H1:
----------
PB2:
24 18 2001 1999 391 391 , A/SW/NE/18339/01(H1N2) A/Turkey/MO/24093/99(H1N2)
43 42 1999 2001 576 576 , A/SW/NC/45319/99(H1N2) A/SW/NE/21147/01(H1N2) ,
155 154 1982 1934 379 379 , A/camel/Mongolia/82(H1N1) A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) ,
175 167 2003 2001 442 442 , A/New York/489/2003(H1N2) A/England/691/01(H1N2) ,
PB1:
164 145 2001 2003 303 303 , A/Taiwan/2157/2001 (H1N1) A/New York/223/2003(H1N1) ,
164 163 2001 2004 303 303 , A/Taiwan/2157/2001 (H1N1) A/Canterbury/106/2004(H1N1) ,
PA:
38 37 1999 2001 383 383 , A/SW/NC/45319/99(H1N2) A/SW/NC/17366/01(H1N2) ,
202 201 1982 1934 227 227 , A/camel/Mongolia/82) A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) ,
203 202 1934 1982 227 227 , A/Puerto Rico/8/34/Mount Sinai(H1N1) A/camel/Mongolia/82) ,
HA:
214 213 2002 2000 1042 1042 , A/Ireland/649/2002(H1N1) A/Saudi Arabia/7971/2000(H1N1) ,
252 178 2001 2003 327 327 , A/Nanjing/Children4/2001(H1Nx) A/New York/227/2003(H1N1) ,
578 577 1990 1988 1032 1031 , Papua/1990(H1N1) , Finland/75/88(H1N1) ,
646 643 1977 1982 366 366 , A/USSR/92/77(H1N1) ,
659 656 1988 1934 1015 1015 , Mongolia/153/88 (H1N1) , A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) ,
668 667 1967 1933 1743 1742 , Japan/1967/H1N1 , Australia/1933(H1N9)
NP:
172 171 1988 1985 1518 1517 , Mongolia/153/88 (H1N1) Mongolia/231/85 (H1N1) ,
174 171 1934 1985 1518 1517 , A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) Mongolia/231/85 (H1N1) ,
192 187 1988 1994 215 215 , isolate A/Swine/IN/1726/88 (H1N1) , A/WI/4755/94(H1N1)
193 187 1988 1994 215 215 , isolate A/Swine/WI/1915/88 (H1N1) , A/WI/4755/94(H1N1)
208 207 2001 1999 560 560 , A/SW/NC/17366/01(H1N2) A/SW/NC/45319/99(H1N2) ,
NA:
130 129 1982 1977 310 310 , Camel/Mongolia/82(H1N1) , A/USSR/90/77(H1N1)
131 130 1977 1982 310 310 , A/USSR/92/77(H1N1) , Camel/Mongolia/82
144 130 1954 1982 310 310 , A/Leningrad/54/1(H1N1) , Camel/Mongolia/82
M:
80 78 1994 1988 1002 1001 , A/WI/4755/94 , Avian/USA/88(H1N1)
131 115 2001 2003 1009 1008 , A/New York/443/2001(H1N1) A/New York/484/2003(H1N1) ,
136 128 2000 2003 742 742 , A/Saudi Arabia/7971/2000(H1N1) A/New York/223/2003(H1N1) ,
NS:
206 205 1982 1934 273 273 , Camel/Mongolia/82 , A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1) ,
--------------------------------
H5:
---
PB2:
78 75 2005 2003 1295 1295 ,A/chicken/Bantul/BBVet-I/2005(H5N1) A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/2003(H5N1)
255 245 2004 2002 1287 1286 ,A/swan/Guangxi/307/2004 (H5N1) A/Ck/HK/61.9/02 (H5N1)
PA:
166 164 2003 2005 764 764 ,A/Ck/HK/WF157/2003(H5N1) A/duck/Guangxi/793/2005(H5N1)
NA:
2 1 1997 1994 1318 1318 ,A/Chicken/Mexico/26654–1374/97 (H5N2) A/Chicken/Hidalgo/26654–1368/94 (H5N2)
524 523 2001 2003 1350 1350 ,A/duck/kaifeng/1/01/(H5N1) A/chicken/luohuo/3/03/(H5N1)
M:
154 152 2005 2003 981 981 ,A/chicken/Bantul/BBVet-I/2005(H5N1) A/Ck/Indonesia/BL/2003(H5N1)
406 405 1999 2001 1002 1001 ,A/Environment/Hong Kong/437–8/99 (H5N1) A/Chicken/Hong Kong/317.5/2001(H5N1)
NS:
34 33 2003 2000 687 687 ,A/swine/Shandong/2/03(H5N1) A/duck/Fujian/19/2000(H5N1)
280 279 2003 2001 860 860 ,A/swine/Fujian/1/2003(H5N1) A/swine/Fujian/F1/2001(H5N1)
the 1977 H1N1 pandemic is said to be caused by a lab.-escape in Russia.
I wonder, whether there is some story about the Mongolia-PuertoRico similarities ? Strange also this Japan/1967/H1N1 , Australia/1933(H1N9)
anon,
Would you run your test with a combined set of H1, H5, H7 and H9?
Second test of H1, H3 and H5?
GS, There is a story about Puerto Rico and Mongolia. Vaccines are made using a 1934 genetic background which contributes 6 of the 8 gene segments. The H and N are endcoded by the background and the added to the PR-8 gene segments. The Mongolian camel was immunized with a vaccine that was not properly killed. Thefore, the vaccine sequence spread and that was isoalted from the camel so all six gene segments in the Mongolian camels should match PR-8 (1934 genes used to create the vaccine strain).
Dr. Niman, thanks for your post at 09:02. I have hypothesized that the same thing may have happened in China with H1N1 for swine and possibly even H5N1 for birds or swine.
Who made the vaccine that was given to the Mongolian camel? Do you have a reference?
I found this:
Modified live (mlv) and inactivated viral vaccines have a long history. In recent years, however, it has become customary to start developing and producing vaccines as soon as a new virus has been identified and adapted to growth in cell culture. In my view, this has resulted in a number of useless, if not dangerous vaccine preparations. One remarkable example is the field application of a modified live African Swine Fever (ASF) virus vaccine in Spain and Portugal, which almost led to the perpetuation of ASF on the Iberian peninsula ([12], and references therein).
The influenza viruses - much underestimated in veterinary virology - may serve as a third example. Between 1985 and 1991, several subtype H1N1 influenza A viruses had been isolated from patients in Mongolia. Characterization by sequence analysis [3] showed that these isolates were most closely related to strains isolated from diseased camels in the same region at the same time. The camel viruses were apparently derived from a UV-inactivated reassortant vaccine (PR8/USSR/77) that had been prepared for humans (in Leningrad, 1978) and used in the Mongolian population. The evidence was convincing: a reassortant between two human influenza virus strains had caused severe epizootics in camels, a species previously unknown to be a natural host for influenza A viruses.
few examples with different Hs.
Here is one in PB2 for H5 and H7:
864 863 1985 2004 2341 2341 A/ruddy turnstone/NJ/65/1985(H7N3) , A/shorebird/DE/101/2004(H5N7)
I only checked for PB2.
The camel paper is here.
thanks for the camel paper. Interesting that these showed up first and was resolved first. Maybe there are such explanations for the other identitiy-regions too ? It’s not so many, just a couple of cases, still rare. With a natural explanation we would probably expect more cases ?!
Dr. Niman, thanks for the camel reference.