Hello all. Recently our community (a town of about 75,000 between Ottawa and Toronto, Canada) held a pandemic awareness meeting. About 200 people attended. As a staff writer for the local daily newspaper, I covered it, as assigned, as a news item. However, I was left wondering many things, and have decided to look further. That quest brought me here. I am open to hear your comments and suggestions about the reality of pandemic preparedness, and awareness. I am particularly fascinated by the media’s role, perceived and real, in this. I’d like to know what other communities are doing, but mostly about what some of you feel regarding the pandemic, and how you are dealing with it. I’m interested also in the scientific awareness, and how that community is responding. We are more evolved in terms of research and scientific analysis than ever before. But are our ethics as evolved? Do we know how to respond in a moral way to what we know? And indeed what DO we know? I hope to learn from your responses. If any of you wish to participate in an interview for a series of articles, please let me know.
Great thread, Scribbler. Hold on to your hat. The replies will be flooding in your way momentarily. : )
Media here have been nonexistent. More coverage is needed nationwide on the necessity of stockppiling, including food and for more than one month. This type news item doesn’t HAVE to be presented as “tin hat showcase” with the obligatory shot of tin hat wearer in front of a bulging pantry. I’ve followed this forum closely, as well as revere and usually read the journal articles cited. As for my feelings …….well I vacillate between omigod there’s so much more I need to do and the thought I may have lost my mind. I think the moral questions are impossible to answer in advance of the situation. Oh, we want to think we know the moral answers now, but cruel choices may face us shortly. I’m not certain it lies within our abilities to judge the morality of the sacrifice, or waste, of one life for another, even though circumstances demand the choice.
Scribbler - if you check the forum index there are lots of threads on this same topic, along with threads on pandemic liklihoood, scoial/economic and politcal impact, etc. My personal take is that there are three key ares that are impacting the lack of coverage and lack of citizens prepping.
1) The government is so worried about “not panicking” people or harming the economy, that they are downplaying the seriousness of the situation. The White House’s “worst case scenario” is a 30–40% infection rate and a CFR (death rate among those infected) of about 2–2.5%. This would result in approximately 2million dead in the US. However, the current CFR is well over 60%. Granted, the disease is not easily transimissable now, but the fear is that it will be soon and there is no good evidence to support the CFR falling so dramitically.
In addition, while the gov’t has said “you are on your own” they are doing a great dis-service by telling people to have 2 weeks worth of supplies and medcations.
2) New editors are already burnt out on the storeis as are their readers. And because the gov’t is feeding them “worst case” numbers that ona greand scale aren’t so bad they don’t feel it’s that newsworthy.
3) As a result of 1 and 2, people simply aren’t heeding the message. People either say “there will be a vaccine for that” (no there won’t - it will take 6 months minimum) or “I don’t have time” (lame) or “I don’t have the money” (basic survuval preps don’t need to cost a fortune). Many of us on teh site have done grassroot campaigning to get others to prepare and mostly it has fallen on deaf ears, I think because people look to the gov’t or main stream media to tell them.
I would love to be proved wrong - that H5N1 remains a limited issue and only transimissable to those in close contact with infected BIRDS. But, there are so many indicators that it is moving to an easily transmissable deadly HUMAN illness. I’m not tkaing any chances. Plus, through this whole preocess of prepping I’ve learned so much about being ready for anything and feel more confident about handling other possible issues like natural disasters, etc.
Scribbler - I would love to see the an article, series of articles, giving support to physicians/clinicians who support their patients in pandemic preparedness. Many docs and nurse practitioners are supportive and write prescriptions for antivirals for their clients. Many write for larger supply of meds their clients use regularly to have in stockpile in case of supply interruption. But these clinicians seem to be ‘fringe’ clinicians. The medical community on the whole appears to have taken a hands-off stance to this issue and resists preparedness assistance or encouragement. I think the media could be of great assistance to help normalize the actions of those clinicians who are engaged in their patients preparedness. If such media coverage occurred, I believe many more clinicians would ‘come out of the closet’, and be a vital resource for the community at large. Many people share a very trusting relationship with their primary care (or other) provider, and many people would likely engage more actively in preparation if given even a small bit of support from their trusted clinician to do so. Perhaps this response did not address your post directly, but I saw an opportunity for suggestion and took it! Good luck!
Scribbler,
The US government, in general, is not being open with the public re how severe a pandemic flu we may have.
I talked with Dr. Jeff Duchin, chief of communicable diseases for Public Health-Seattle & King County. I told him that someone in authority, at a high level, needed to get on the TV, get peoples’ attention, and explain to them how severe this pandemic could be. I said that people in general, in Seattle where I live, and elsewhere around the country are not getting it. The government tells people to plan and stockpile for two weeks. Two weeks is not enough if we have waves of infection the length of 8 weeks duration. Dr Duchin told me that people can’t do it. I simply could not believe what I heard. I told him that if the public is told clearly the severity of this pandemic, they will have the CHOICE to prep for more than 2 weeks. To say the public can’t do it takes the choice away from the people. The people have been told they are “on their own,” yet, they are not given the appropriate information on which to act!
The government is planning many things, but not giving the public the information they know. I think the government here is afraid of:
1. General panic
2. Not enough personal medicine to stockpile for each citizen for 8 weeks
3. Not enough masks for everyone
4. A run on food and prep items
5. People of low income being disturbed because they have no money to prep
6. Disruption of the economy
7. Questions, and more questions
The problem is that with the lack of truth being conveyed to the public, the public will lose trust in the government when the pandemic comes. The public will suddenly realize what the government knew and did not tell them. Lack of information may be a way to control people now, but when they find out the truth, there may be no more “control.”
I believe the solution is the get someone like Leavitt on TV (multiple viewings, with progression) and:
1. Get peoples’ attention
2. Connect with people
3. THEN: Explain what the government knows, but that the federal government CAN’T help during a pandemic.
4. Explain the need to stockpile for 8 weeks (at least!)
5. Explain there will be shortages
6. Explain that people in communities will need to work together
7. Make the address to the public…like a deep desire to help the public…to try to figure out what to do NOW. Make it like a war effort where we all have to work together.
THEN, the government will get understanding and cooperation by the average person now, and when a pandemic hits. In the end, it will be the average person multiplied by 300,000,000 that will help our country survive.
Actually, one of the things I want to do is poll each physician in our area with a list of four questions, aimed at getting at their attitudes and actions surrounding the pandemic. Thanks for your input! And thanks to everyone else who’s written. All the comments are useful and insightful — thanks!
Helen Branswell of Canadian Press does a good job on the (sadly too few!) articles she writes!! The problem in Canada is that the feds are relying on WHO to sound the alarm - which wont happen until the horse has already left the barn. In the US, by contrast, their govt has told them to prep and that the govt will NOT be able to help them - even if the message only says ‘two weeks’ worth of supplies, it is better than the TOTAL lack of info from Health Canada. The Ontario prep plan is equally deficient (see Cdn Preppers thread). Health Canada gets a lot of its advice from folks like Dr. Richard Schabas (a noted naysayer!!) and Dr Theresa Tam (“ordinary surgical masks and sneeze etiquette will protect HCW”)and forms its policy on pandemic flu accordingly. The media has an obligation to shame the Cdn govt into taking this threat a LOT more seriously and making the appropriate changes to policy!!
We, I think, are all concerned about how airline travel will be shut down in time, especially given that the virus can lay dormant for days.
It is now acknowledged in Australia that if a pandemic were to start that its source would be from such International Air Travel.
This would seem obvious.
So how do TPTB propose to stop this biggest threat to public health, like, ever? They don’t propose anything, as far as I know. I haven’t read anything in the paper about any plans pertaining to any shutdowns. Have you?
That is why everbody is really scared IMHO.
Put this in the paper and watch your readership go up. Ask the question and start the debate, then we should all get some answers atleast.
People keep saying that the government has said “You’re on your own.” I don’t believe the government actually addressed that comment to the public. They said that to state/local leaders so that government types below the federal level would know that they would not have Big Daddy coming to the rescue. Of course we on here know that we are gonna be on our own (becasue let’s face it our states are not going to be coming to the rescue either), but I don’t think the general public is aware of that. People just aren’t used to disasters happening and no one coming to help.
It all pivots on whether H5N1 will become easily transmittable and if it does, will the fatality rate drop. Until the medical world can asnwer those questions definitively you’d be daft not to worry.
Are you a gambler?
Imagine a virus that infects one in three and kills half it infects.
Are you still a gambler?
Scribbler, some of us started prepping and stayed prepped after Y2k, but that doesn’t need to be mentioned in an article — any rememberence of “that time” needs to probably drop off the radar because it causes a mental shut-down in those we’re trying to reach to get them to prep NOW. Because nothing happened “before”, if they equate bird flu to “that time” they shut down.
But for those of us that have stayed relatively prepped, we were prepped for a time when we expected a short interruption that would have a specific beginning and end like severe weather or something like that — a time when we would be healthy and feel like doing all you have to do when the power goes off. It wouldn’t be hard and we were basically ready and it would be uncomfortable, but we would get through it just fine because we would be healthy.
This issue is something totally different — we may NOT be well enough to chop wood, or cook a meal or even have an appetite, or we may be well but doing all those things while taking care of one or more people who are sick, which adds a lot of work to the daily work load.
Most of us here, feel there is a huge chance that some illness could overtake us either as a pandemic or as a regional issue at some time. But if not that, there are so many layoffs in large companies that have ripple effects that run through other companies as well, that we realize that the breadwinner of a home, might at any given time, not have an income for awhile. Hence the stored food comes in handy. And if during that time, they become ill from flu or whatever, having medications on hand already rather than having to run out and buy some right then, won’t break the bank at a time when there’s no household income flowing.
There are just soooooo many reasons to ‘keep your pantry stocked’ these days, it’s foolish not to do SOMEthing.
We have preparedness lists here on this site that you should take a look at, and read and read and read all the old threads on subjects you’re wanting to focus on. Especially pay attention to the news threads to see how the media has paid attention or ignored the issues. I think most of the news threads have at the very top links to articles from that day or the day before and just scanning it will reveal what countries are talking about it more than others, and the slant of the articles is sometimes evident just from the titles, but keep reading because sometimes a title can be misleading — after all we’re talking “media” here. :-)
uk bird – at 11:48 Imagine a virus that infects one in three and kills half it infects.
I know you were being serious, but I got a laugh out of reading your post because the ratio of sickness to death (1 in 3) meant that 1/2 of a person would die.
Maybe we should increase the ratio numbers so that at least a whole person would die.
heck, I can’t belive I wrote that. :-)
“believe” up above
JV – at 11:25
Excellent analysis. The time for the government to kick up a tiny bit of “panic” is now when the only results of said “panic” will be people running out and buying stuff. No real downside if you ask me.
anonymous at 12:19 -
Exactly!
Scribbler, media needs to go read expert opinions about a flu pandemic
and remember, scientists in other fields had said, the Indian ocean needed a tsunami warning system, and, phoned in a warning after that 9+ earthquake, that people afraid of losing their jobs if a tsunami didn’t occur, refused to pass on, mistakenly thinking telling people to go to high ground for one morning for nothing would be the worst thing that could happen. (Now, does the Caribbean have a tsunami warning system, either? Oops.)
Scientists had written up what would happen to New Orleans years before it did, but, politicians saw no priority to fix the levees, nor fix in the populace’s mind that the evac plans weren’t workable, and staying in areas that were going to be flooded house-high wasn’t a viable option, and, that that much help wouldn’t be on the way as they imagined.
Humans now can’t stop a pandemic from mutating, can’t contain its spread once it goes, and, the populace is so unprepared compared to the people of 1918, for a pandemic influenza year, that it will be a catastrophe.
Why didn’t the media help get people becoming more self-reliant, after Leavitt said, at every state’s pandemic summit, Any community that fails to prepare, with the expectation that the federal government or, for that matter, the state government will be able to step forward and come to their rescue at the final hour, will be tragically wrong, not because the government will lack a will, not because we will lack a collective wallet, but because there is no way that you can respond to every hometown in America at the same time.
Doesn’t the media want Continuity of the Populace, so they have more people to do business with, and, the economy rebounds better, than what would have happened if that last human-human-human cluster had been the start of the pandemic, given the current state of unpreparedness?
Forget the vaccine and antiviral stories; get communities preparing so they can cope by nonpharmaceutical interventions, and cope with supply chain or power grid disruptions, and illness and fatality surges.
UN’s Dr.Nabarro said, We have to behave as though this could start any time, because if we don’t we’ll put off getting prepared
Scribbler, how about an article on the best mask for health care workers?
There is some real concern over wheter N95 masks are in fact going to be able to kkep out a virus that is 0.1 micron, ie 100 annometres, in size…
…and this is the mask that they expect HCW to wear.
This would boost readership-guaranteed. It is a question that leads to a lot of worry…’cos what if half the HCW’s go AWOL because they know that the masks are not going to work?
Hi Scribbler. I think that you are saying that when you attended the meeting, things didn’t quite add up or make sense to you. I think it is our job, first and foremost, to debunk the facts from the spin…and what you may not know is that there has been a lot of spin.
gharris will most likely have more to say on this, but the WHO in Jan 2005 took used data from a CDC study fraudulently because it was clearly stated and a directed warning was givenin the limitations to the modelling experiment that the data should not be used in exactly the way the WHO chose to use it.
This strategic mistake is still haunting us today and the reasons the numbers are consistently understated in community meetings so citizens walk away saying…’well, this either won’t happen or won’t be too bad.
So the WHO states in Jan 2005 that the range of mortality from a pandemic is between 2–7 million with no qualification of any kind as to whether the numbers could be in fact higher.
Health Canada jumped on the good news with both feet, Dr. David Butler stating that…’well, we loose that many Canadians each year to smoking anyway’.
No matter how your look at it, this is the company line…and Dr. Butlers subordinates certainly got the message and it was consistent from federal authorities and Governments to provincial authorities and governments to municipal authorities and governments to hospitals and their management…
…that is why you went to the meeting with an open mind and walked away going…’these facts don’t quite add up’.
The reason they gave these bull-**** estimates is because they were convinced that we were all fear-mongering and in the end there would be no pandemic…
…they guessed wrong…
…since then Dr. David Butler-Jones had attempted to put the ‘horses back in the barn’ but now nobody is listening because ‘we lose more Canadians each year to smoking anyway’.
I hope we at flu wiki will be able to answer your question by debunking the numbers for all reporters…at this point in time reporters are essential…you have the difficult job to get the truth out while convincing your editors that you are not causing undue alarm…no easy to do.
Scribbler - you’re very welcome to this forum. I hope you’ve noticed. :)
Please notice we’ve been thinking about profesionals like you here, and trying to be helpful towards you. Societies need your intellectual integrity, your questions and, only later (if you ask me!), your communication skills.
Panflu is a hard to talk about subject for many reasons: thorny, not directly obvious, scary, and having a lot to do with human emotions and responsibility. No wonder people don’t want to even look at the issue!
Different people will aproach this in different ways:
Looking forward to reading the results of your 4-question survey to physicians. I hope you will talk to other experts too, with the question what if 40% absentee rate? etc.
And good luck in your not-easily-done job! Thanks!
Scribbler – at 10:24 You could do a book on how insecure our power grid and water supply system is. Not just for Pan Flu but for all disasters. We have talked about that at great length here.
What has happened in regards to Pan Flu is that every one looks at it as a medical problem.
Pan Flu is a survival problem. We have become so dependent on our technology and Just in Time Delivery (JTD) that the secondary death rate from a true 1918 level Pandemic would in fact be higher that the death rate from the bug itself. That is another book.
We in the west are dead men walking, waiting for the pandemic that well destroy our civilization and giving power over to the third world.
I’m overwhelmed (in a good way) by the welcome, and responses.
There are many links you are directing me to, and I will visit each one, repeatedly.
Reporters, yes, do have a responsibility to get the correct information out there. Sometimes there are varying analyses of numbers, and in those cases it’s important we at least present all the analyses, and the backgrounds to them.
But as journalists, rather than reporters, I believe we have a far broader responsibility which includes pulling apart stories, finding threads, and unravelling especially those stories given to us by governments or other special interest groups.
The problem is, that much of the newspaper industry thinks ‘journalists’ belong in academic institutions with their noses in books. They prefer the ‘reporter’ approach.
All of which is to say, yes, the job is difficult in this case, but it’s not impossible — with your help, and the help of others like you who have been so hard at work on this for so long.
Thanks again. Keep your comments, ideas, links, etc. coming!
(Hey; we didn’t scare scribbler away -Woo-hoo!)
And you could add a few chapters from this other thread too.
Scribbler – at 18:45
You may be the lone journalist (along with Helen Branswell) in Canada trying to get the truth to the public. The Federal government has spent a lot of money to keep the pandemic news quiet. Big PR agencies are calling their friends in the main stream national media to steer the news headlines ‘to avoid unnecessary public panic’. The intention may be ‘ignorance is bliss’. The ‘awareness’ in Canada is mostly ‘our government knows how to handle this, I don’t need to be concerned’.
Are you with national or local media?
crfullmoon – at 18:55
LOL :-D
Scribler - we’ve just started a starting page for journalists. Feel free to suggest whatever you like!
Woah, we’re working elbow to elbow with real people! Yeee-ha!
Hi lugon. The most important thing journalists need is people to talk to. Often they’ll ask for people to talk to on ‘both sides’ of an issue; I prefer to ask for people to talk to on ‘all sides’ of an issue.
But as you know, in daily news, sometimes time or space does not allow that, and the story, if it is to be news, must run. In feature writing, or analysis, we have more space, usually more time, and sometimes more freedom.
Does this help for your starting page for journalists?
Hi, Scribbler! Yes, it helps, I hope. When you mention “both sides” … I’m not sure we have lots of information from the “non prepper” side. We do have people who are more into personal and family preparedness (because they feel this is what they can and should do), and people who are more into community preparedness (because they have their own preps and now feel they can look out, or because they feel their best protection is in their community from day one). Some even go head first into world-wide preparedness, of course, and nominate WHO Directors and so on. I’m not sure we can describe what “all the sides” are for you. We’d need to do some introspection.
I also hope that, even in “must run” situations, there will be a growing proportion of (self)educated journalists. By now you must have sensed that the issue at hand is not easy to describe in a few words. So if reporters take this as a “one report after another, with a person (the journalist herself) growing in understanding”, then that’s how it should be.
I’m thinking some reporters will want to know what the community finds important at any one point (news analysis on a daily basis, and then more). Others will want to know what is it that we’re creating (“clusters’ as a graph” is just an example), etc.
In fact, at some point in time we daydreamed about creating a newsletter, but there are too many things to do so we kind of dropped it.
Hi back Lugon, I guess one way of looking at it is the ‘prepper’ and ‘non-prepper’, and within those, the varying degrees. But as you point out, there is more to it, in a sense. Journalists look for the action work that is done after a person or group or community forms an opinion based on its knowledge base. The preps, or lack thereof, are the actions, I think.
But the question I still have is how on earth can we be prepared at all? If the pandemic hits in the force suggested, it seems apparent that our society, with its value on instant preparation and satisfaction, can hardly survive as we know it.
This is no reason not to try. It is all the more reason to try. But, in the end, where is the money best spent? On anti-virals? How do we guide our leaders to split the available funds? And I guess, at the core of it, is how can we possibly guide our leaders to stop pandering to the fear of panic, or other self-interests, so that humankind can best be served?
Just thoughts.
Ah-ha! Welcome to the fun world of Adjustment Reaction, Scribbler.
It does get better, I promise.
Cactus. I had to look that up, but boy, now there’s a whole other realm I need to look at!!!!
Scribbler at 2020:
“But the question I still have is how on earth can we be prepared at all?”
Ah, the $64,000 question, and one we have all asked ourselves.
All disasters are local in that they impact someone somewhere.
Don’t look at the “Big Picture” per se.
Look at each household. If they prepare, even a little, and then teach their neighbors, who in turn teach their neigbors, and so on etc etc etc.
That’s how people, neigbors, towns, counties, states and nations prepare.
What is a country but a collection of little neighborhoods? That is where our strength has been all along. Grass roots and UP.
Scribbler – at 20:20
This is no reason not to try. It is all the more reason to try. But, in the end, where is the money best spent? On anti-virals? How do we guide our leaders to split the available funds? And I guess, at the core of it, is how can we possibly guide our leaders to stop pandering to the fear of panic, or other self-interests, so that humankind can best be served?
Thank you for your excellent questions, all worthy of exploring. I’m nursing a particularly bad bout of trigeminal neuralgia at the moment. I can’t look at the computer screen for longer than a couple minutes so just a quick response to your question of ‘where is the money best spent.’ I think the money is best spent via leverage, on facilitating and empowering diverse communities, families, and individuals to each come up with their own unique or novel solutions.
Human civilisation has survived through diverse calamities over many centuries, rarely due to a smart decision made by any single leader, but most of the time through the ingenuity of the citizenry, the nameless ordinary folks who find ways to get by no matter what, as long as they know what the problem is.
People need to be told. Whatever you believe the solution is, that is the first step.
Scribbler – at 20:20 The Answers you seek are not easy. Some here will disagree with me but to prepare for the all Then many things have to happen at once.
National Level:
State Level:
County/Local level:
Individual:
anon_22- @ 22:07
Absolutely! The FIRST step is to inform the people!
And remember that our species (even our society) has survived an awful lot to date. We will survive this too. I’d just like to come out the other side with as much of our world intact as possible.
Scribbler at 20:20
“But the question I still have is how on earth can we be prepared at all? If the pandemic hits in the force suggested, it seems apparent that our society, with its value on instant preparation and satisfaction, can hardly survive as we know it.
This is no reason not to try. It is all the more reason to try. But, in the end, where is the money best spent? On anti-virals? How do we guide our leaders to split the available funds? And I guess, at the core of it, is how can we possibly guide our leaders to stop pandering to the fear of panic, or other self-interests, so that humankind can best be served?”
Societies come and societies go. Read the history of the North and South American continent. Read the history of the black plague in Europe. In a real major pandemic we can not save society as we know it. It will change. Will we go back to the stone age? Doubtful. Will we have business as usual after a pandemic — doubtful. Anyways we don`t need to save society, what we need to save is our humanity. We need to know that our neighbors will help us not hurt us. We need to know that we have somewhere to turn, someone who will support us, we need to know that we can help when we see the need not kill ourselves inside because we have to make a decision to save our family first and let some other kid die. We need to prep AND get others around us to prep so that we can be the best people not the worst people that we can be. Federal dollars are best spent locally at the neighborhood level with the exception of essential infrastructure. Our efforts are best spent locally because thats who will help me or who will hurt me. I do believe we can all be prepared as long as we realize that preparing is as much about our relationships in our communities as it is about having food in the basement. I believe we will need both.
senegal1 – at 22:42
Hear! Hear!
<i>”But the question I still have is how on earth can we be prepared at all? If the pandemic hits in the force suggested, it seems apparent that our society, with its value on <b>instant preparation and satisfaction</b>, can hardly survive as we know it.”</i><P> I worry about our JIT (Just-In-Time) dependent system. I’ve read that most cities will run out of food stocks in 72 hours if the supply train is broken/stopped.<p>What will happen when/if the JIT system breaks down? Will we have food riots?<p> What to do about our dependence on supplies from other countries? How severely will they be affected?<P> How can/will we handle additional emergencies like hurricanes/earthquakes/tornados/ice storms, etc during a pandemic?
(anon_22, I hope you feel better soon!)
Telling the people to prepare so they are better able to cope on their own should have been first order of business, as it will mitigate all the other problems authorities can see will be too big for them.
Does anyone know how many users are on this discussion forum? Just crossed my mind. Does anyone keep track?
Hi scribbler. If you scroll down the side of threads listing page, you will see a coloured box. If you click on it, a wide variety of information is avalilable to you.
I will paste your question on the ask the moderators page and they may have other, more specific answers for you.
Scribbler-
it would be helpful for those of us who cannot or will not advertise our identities on this forum if we had an email to reach you; can you please post your email address?
Or just add a profile of yourself in the profiles (see side bar). A lot of profiles have people’s email addresses.
bump! Any lurking reporters/journalists/journalism students want to pick a nickname? Scribbler’s taken.
(How are the adjustment reactions coming, Scribbler?)
Has your paper been listing the definitions for seasonal, avian, and pandemic influenza? (without a lot of spin putting people back to sleep in the same article is good too) Maybe the govt needs to list between avian and pandemic, “H5N1 influenza” the list of mammals and countries, and the 2006 cfr (rolls on floor laughing- sorry couldn’t type that with a straight face -won’t happen).
Interesting about that twelve-week advisement getting scaled back to two… too bad we didn’t get ours raised to 12 week prep advice instead…
How are ethics and morals going, along with authorities’ idea of crisis management and creating images that do not reflect reality, nor help preparations to mitigate an unavoidable catastrophe?
Lack of journalist interest? Wha’happen? How did they respond to what they knew? By… not talking on the internet about it??
What a cliffhanger!
